Internal Bleeding

Internal bleeding, often more serious than external bleeding, is usually the result of Crush injuries, Fractures, or a burst peptic ulcer. Blood lost internally can pool in connected tissues and cause a build-up of pressure on vial organs, a haemorrhage inside the...

Nosebleeds

Lean the casualty over a basin, pinch the lower pan of the nose for 10 minutes, then release slowly. If blood starts to flow again, pinch the nose for another 5 minutes. If bleeding persists, take the person to a doctor. Do not allow the person to lie down. The nose...

Panic

Panic makes pain and fear worse, and hinders first aid. Give as much reassurance to the casualty as you can.

Poisoning

Poisoning involving household chemicals is one of the most preventable of emergencies. Poisons can enter the body through the mouth or skin, or they may be inhaled (see Chemicals inhaled). They can do temporary or permanent damage, and may be fatal. Corrosive poisons...

Shock

Sets in when blood flow through vital organs becomes inadequate due to loss of body fluids (see Bleeding, Internal bleeding, Fractures, Burns and scalds), Heart attack, or a sudden drop in blood pressure in response to an allergen or infection (anaphylactic shock)....